![]() ![]() Of these, two were lost in mission accidents: Challenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003, with a total of 14 astronauts killed. ![]() Four fully operational orbiters were initially built: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, and Atlantis. The first orbiter, Enterprise, was built in 1976 and used in Approach and Landing Tests (ALT), but had no orbital capability. If the landing occurred at Edwards, the orbiter was flown back to the KSC atop the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), a specially modified Boeing 747. ![]() The orbiter was protected during reentry by its thermal protection system tiles, and it glided as a spaceplane to a runway landing, usually to the Shuttle Landing Facility at KSC, Florida, or to Rogers Dry Lake in Edwards Air Force Base, California. At the conclusion of the mission, the orbiter fired its OMS to deorbit and reenter the atmosphere. The SRBs were jettisoned before the vehicle reached orbit, while the main engines continued to operate, and the ET was jettisoned after main engine cutoff and just before orbit insertion, which used the orbiter's two Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engines. The Space Shuttle was launched vertically, like a conventional rocket, with the two SRBs operating in parallel with the orbiter's three main engines, which were fueled from the ET. Space Shuttle components include the Orbiter Vehicle (OV) with three clustered Rocketdyne RS-25 main engines, a pair of recoverable solid rocket boosters (SRBs), and the expendable external tank (ET) containing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. The Space Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1,323 days. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), conducted science experiments in orbit, participated in the Shuttle- Mir program with Russia, and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station (ISS). Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. The first ( STS-1) of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights ( STS-5) beginning in 1982. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft where it was the only item funded for development. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. ![]() US3866863 A was published in 1975 by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. In a patent from 1974, he proposed a spacecraft with an improved climb configuration, through which the vehicle's performance was increased and the operating costs of the machine were reduced. He specialized in work related to rocket stability. Patent creator George Landwehr von Pragenau joined the von Braun missile team in Huntsville, Alabama in 1957. In total, five complete shuttle systems were built and used on 135 missions between 19. The first of four test flights took place in 1981, leading to operational flights the following year. The most famous ferries are models developed by the US National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) as part of the Space Transportation System program. The space shuttle or the so-called a shuttle is a manned or unmanned spacecraft that is used to repeatedly launch and bring artificial satellites and other large and heavy loads into orbit. The Space Shuttle poster is a reproduction of the NASA Space Shuttle patent by George L. ![]()
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